Endometrial biopsy examination can be used to identify histopathological changes of endometrium and thus serve as a basis for prognostic evaluation of infertile animals. For the present study, fifty six endometrial biopsy samples were collected from infertile buffaloes for histopathological studies. Histopathologically, the lesions observed were acute, subacute, chronic, chronic suppurative and chronic catarrhal changes in 14.54%, 34.54%, 46.37%, 1.82% and 2.73% biopsies respectively. Acute endometritis cases revealed severe congestion and edema of endometrium, focal areas of denudation of epithelial lining and infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells and few lymphocytes. Moderate infiltration in sub epithelial zone of stratum compactum, moderate periglandular fibrosis, cystic dilation of endometrial glands in addition to stromal and glandular edema were noticed in sub acute endometritis. Diffuse infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages in stratum compactum and stratum spongiosum, gland site masses with severe periglandular fibrosis were observed in chronic endometritis cases. Severe proliferation of fibroblasts, glandular sclerosis and hyalinization of blood vessels were also noticed in chronic endometritis. Chronic suppurative endometritis cases revealed periglandular fibrosis and infiltration of more polymorphonuclear cells in stratum compactum and stratum spongiosum.Chronic catarrhal endometritis cases revealed catarrhal changes in luminal epithelium and thick connective tissue stroma in endometrium.
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